Penetration Enhancers
Anti-inflammatory Properties
Antioxidant Properties
Antinociceptive/Anesthetic
Properties
Muscle Relaxant
Circulation Enhancement
Cartilage/Tissue Repair
Other: Conditioning Agents,
Solvents, Thickeners, Preservatives and Antiseptics
Glyceryl distearate
Menthol *1
Camphor*2
Urea*3
Polysorbate-20*4
Laurenth-7
Eucalyptus oil*5
Methylsulfonylmethane*5
Eucalyptus oil*6
Oil of Lavender*7
Grape Seed Oil*8
Methylsulfonylmethane*9
Grape Seed Oil*10
Menthol *11
Eucalyptus oil
Oil of Wintergreen*12
Thymol
Menthol*13
Menthol*14
Glucosamine Sulphate
Sea cucumber extract*15
Chondroitin Sulphate
Glycerin
Cetyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol
Polyacrylamide
C13-14 iso paraffin
Phenoxyenthanol
Butyl/Ethyl/Methyl/Propyl para ben
Thymol
--a non-ionic surfactant that enhances delivery of hydrophilic substances through the stratum corneum
--increases flux of substances across the stratum corneum
--active component is 1,8-Cineole
--functions by blocking Na+ channels in nociceptors
--active component is methylsalicylate
--activity may be mediated via blockage of Na+ channels in nociceptors
--relieves spasms of the musculature due to suppression of Na+ movement in neurons and skeletal muscle cells
--dialates arterioles and improves circulation
--is required for the synthesis of hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts
--contains essential fatty acids used in tissue repair including arachidonic acid, a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid
--forms the matrix of cartilage covering articular surfaces within synovial joints
--conditioner/prevents dehydration of the skin's horny layer
--thickener/prevents skin irritation
--thickener/conditioner
--thickener
--solvent/vehicle
--antiseptic
--preservatives
--stabilizer/preservative/antiseptic
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